Research
cancer stem cells, tumour metastasis, 3D tumour invasion, metastasis on a chip, human tumour specimens, machine learning
Interests
Cancer stem cells drive tumour metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Understanding the underlying mechanisms will be crucial if we are to deliver better treatments for cancer, and we model this process using human cancer cell lines in advanced 3D invasion and microfluidic metastasis systems.
We also use human tissue archives, which provide a wealth of information on tumour behaviour in the human body, including data on the clinical course of disease. We have developed new ways of obtaining greater information from these tumour specimens, including simultaneous measurement of multiple cancer stem cell markers and a machine learning approach for prognostic prediction.
Publications

Publications of specific relevance to Predictive in vitro Models
2019

Jolly MK, Somarelli JA, Sheth M,
Biddle A, Tripathi SC, Armstrong AJ, Hanash SM, Bapat SA, Rangarajan A and Levine H (2019).
Hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotypes promote metastasis and therapy resistance across carcinomas. Pharmacol Ther vol. 194, 161-184.
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.0072018

MACKENZIE IC, Rodrigues MF, Gammon L, RAHMAN M,
BIDDLE A and Nunes FD (2018).
Effects of Cetuximab and Erlotinib on the behaviour of cancer stem cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Impact Journals Oncotarget 10.18632/oncotarget.244162017
2016
BIDDLE A, Gammon L, Liang X, Costea DE and Mackenzie IC (2016).
Phenotypic Plasticity Determines Cancer Stem Cell Therapeutic Resistance in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Elsevier: Creative Commons Ebiomedicine 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.01.0072015

Gemenetzidis E, Gammon L,
Biddle A, Emich H and Mackenzie IC (2015).
Invasive oral cancer stem cells display resistance to ionising radiation. Oncotarget vol. 6, (41) 43964-43977.
10.18632/oncotarget.6268
Vig N, Mackenzie IC and
Biddle A (2015).
Phenotypic plasticity and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the behaviour and therapeutic response of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med vol. 44, (9) 649-655.
10.1111/jop.12306
Shigeishi H,
Biddle A, Gammon L, Rodini CO, Yamasaki M, Seino S, Sugiyama M, Takechi M and Mackenzie IC (2015).
Elevation in 5-FU-induced apoptosis in head and neck cancer stem cells by a combination of CDHP and GSK3β inhibitors. J Oral Pathol Med vol. 44, (3) 201-207.
10.1111/jop.122302013

Hufbauer M,
Biddle A, Borgogna C, Gariglio M, Doorbar J, Storey A, Pfister H, Mackenzie I and Akguel B (2013).
Expression of Betapapillomavirus Oncogenes Increases the Number of Keratinocytes with Stem Cell-Like Properties. Journal of Virology vol. 87, (22) 12158-12165.
10.1128/JVI.01510-13
Shigeishi H,
Biddle A, Gammon L, Emich H, Rodini CO, Gemenetzidis E, Fazil B, Sugiyama M, Kamata N and Mackenzie IC (2013).
Maintenance of stem cell self-renewal in head and neck cancers requires actions of GSK3β influenced by CD44 and RHAMM. Stem Cells vol. 31, (10) 2073-2083.
10.1002/stem.1418
Biddle A, Gammon L, Fazil B and Mackenzie IC (2013).
CD44 staining of cancer stem-like cells is influenced by down-regulation of CD44 variant isoforms and up-regulation of the standard CD44 isoform in the population of cells that have undergone epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Plos One vol. 8, (2)
10.1371/journal.pone.00573142012

(2012).
Pre-culturing human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells under hypoxia increases their adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential. Cell Proliferation vol. 45, (3) 225-238.
10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.008172011
Biddle A, Liang X, Gammon L, Fazil B, Harper LJ, Emich H, Costea DE and Mackenzie IC (2011).
Cancer stem cells in squamous cell carcinoma switch between two distinct phenotypes that are preferentially migratory or proliferative. Cancer Res vol. 71, (15) 5317-5326.
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-1059
Gammon L,
Biddle A, Fazil B, Harper L and Mackenzie IC (2011).
Stem cell characteristics of cell sub-populations in cell lines derived from head and neck cancers of Fanconi anemia patients. J Oral Pathol Med vol. 40, (2) 143-152.
10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00972.x2010

Valorani MG, Germani A, Otto WR, Harper L,
Biddle A, Khoo CP, Lin WR, Hawa MI, Tropel P, Patrizi MP, Pozzilli P and Alison MR (2010).
Hypoxia increases Sca-1/CD44 co-expression in murine mesenchymal stem cells and enhances their adipogenic differentiation potential. Cell Tissue Res vol. 341, (1) 111-120.
10.1007/s00441-010-0982-8
Harper LJ, Costea DE, Gammon L, Fazil B,
Biddle A and Mackenzie IC (2010).
Normal and malignant epithelial cells with stem-like properties have an extended G2 cell cycle phase that is associated with apoptotic resistance. Bmc Cancer vol. 10,
10.1186/1471-2407-10-1662009
Biddle A, Simeoni I and Gurdon JB (2009).
Xenopus oocytes reactivate muscle gene transcription in transplanted somatic nuclei independently of myogenic factors. Development vol. 136, (16) 2695-2703.
10.1242/dev.036327