Prof Steve Greenwald

Steve Greenwald

Professor of Cardiovascular Mechanics

Blizard Institute
Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London
+44 (0)20 3246 0178
www.qmul.ac.uk/blizard/staff/centre-for-cell-biology-and-cutaneous-research/staff/steve-greenwald.html
ORCiD Google Scholar

Research

Arterial wave propagation, Arterial stiffness, Non-invasive cardiovascular diagnostics

Cardiovascular Models

Interests

I am involved in a project aimed at developing a stick-on skin sensor patch for the acoustic detection of coronary artery stenosis for which in-vitro models of the main anatomical structures in the chest are necessary. This work, originally funded by an EPSRC project grant, started with a crude model set-up consisting only of a piezo-electric vibrator to simulate the disturbed/turbulent flow associated with a stenosed artery and a detector (microphone/accelerometer) between which were positioned various soft tissue-mimicking gels. Shear and transverse waves were generated and detected in this system and their propagation, modelled numerically. This simple physical model has progressed to a crude chest phantom consisting of a latex ‘coronary artery’ embedded in a soft-tissue mimicking gel fitted with stenoses of various geometries, surrounded by a polyurethane “skin”, through which fluid is pumped. The detector has now progressed to an adhesive patch containing 8 accelerometer/microphone pairs, attached to the model’s skin and the complex signals obtained show that disturbed flow can be detected. We have funding for a small clinical trial, involving simultaneous patch and angiographic measurements, pending ethics and MHRA approval, but the data generated from patients is much more complex than that produced by our current phantom. On the basis of preliminary work into the feasibility of using a machine learning approach to determine, not only the presence or absence of a stenosis but also its location and severity, we have established that a K-Nearest-Neighbours and Random-Forest ensemble approach works with simple in-silico data. However, a more realistic model incorporating a moving heart, lungs and bone, plus coronary arteries is needed to provide data in sufficient quantity to provide an adequate training and testing environment for the ML algorithms and to augment the obviously more limited in-vivo data from patients with and without occlusive arterial disease.

Publications

Publications of specific relevance to Predictive in vitro Models

2024

Zhou S, Xu K, Fang Y, Alastruey J, Vennin S, Yang J, Wang J, Xu L, Wang X and Greenwald SE (2024). Patient-specific non-invasive estimation of the aortic blood pressure waveform by ultrasound and tonometry. Elsevier  Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine  vol. 247, 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108082

2023

Li X, Ji L, Zhang R, You H, Xu L, Greenwald SE, Sun Y, Zhang L and Yang B (2023). COACT: Coronary artery centerline tracker. Wiley  Medical Physics  10.1002/mp.16873
Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xu L, Qi S, Yao Y, Qian W, Greenwald SE and Qi L (2023). TSP-UDANet: two-stage progressive unsupervised domain adaptation network for automated cross-modality cardiac segmentation. Springer Nature  Neural Computing and Applications  vol. 35, (30) 22189-22207. 10.1007/s00521-023-08939-6
Wang Q, Xu L, Wang L, Yang X, Sun Y, Yang B and Greenwald SE (2023). Automatic coronary artery segmentation of CCTA images using UNet with a local contextual transformer. Frontiers  Frontiers in Physiology  vol. 14, 10.3389/fphys.2023.1138257
Ri J, Pang N, Bai S, Xu J, Xu L, Ri S, Yao Y and Greenwald SE (2023). Three-dimensional numerical analysis of wall stress induced by asymmetric oscillation of microbubble trains inside micro-vessels. Aip Publishing  Physics of Fluids  vol. 35, (1) 10.1063/5.0134922

2022

Hu S, Greenwald S, Dwyer V, Spigulis J and Guo Y (2022). Editorial: In vivo opto-physiological imaging. Frontiers  Frontiers in Physics  vol. 10, 10.3389/fphy.2022.977624
Song A, Xu L, Wang L, Wang B, Yang X, Xu B, Yang B and Greenwald SE (2022). Automatic Coronary Artery Segmentation of CCTA Images With an Efficient Feature-Fusion-and-Rectification 3D-UNet. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (Ieee)  Ieee Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics  vol. 26, (8) 4044-4055. 10.1109/jbhi.2022.3169425
Shibib L, Al-Qaisi M, Ahmed A, Miras AD, Nott D, Pelling M, Greenwald SE and Guess N (2022). Reversal and Remission of T2DM – An Update for Practitioners. Taylor & Francis  Vascular Health and Risk Management  vol. 18, 417-443. 10.2147/vhrm.s345810
Yao Y, Zhou S, Alastruey J, Hao L, Greenwald SE, Zhang Y and Xu L (2022). Estimation of central pulse wave velocity from radial pulse wave analysis. Elsevier  Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine  vol. 219, 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106781
Xu L, Zhou S, Wang L, Yao Y, Hao L, Qi L, Han H, Mukkamala R and Greenwald SE (2022). Improving the accuracy and robustness of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity measurement using a simplified tube-load model. Springer Nature  Scientific Reports  vol. 12, (1) 10.1038/s41598-022-09256-z
Cui H, Wang Z, Yu B, Jiang F, Geng N, Li Y, Xu L, Zheng D, Zhang B, Lu P and Greenwald SE (2022). Statistical Analysis of the Consistency of HRV Analysis Using BCG or Pulse Wave Signals. Mdpi  Sensors  vol. 22, (6) 10.3390/s22062423
Liu W, Du S, Zhou S, Mei T, Zhang Y, Sun G, Song S, Xu L, Yao Y and Greenwald SE (2022). Noninvasive estimation of aortic pressure waveform based on simplified Kalman filter and dual peripheral artery pressure waveforms. Elsevier  Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine  vol. 219, 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106760
Sun Y, Li X-G, Xu K, Hou J, You H-R, Zhang R-R, Qi M, Zhang L-B, Xu L-S, Greenwald SE and Yang B-Q (2022). Relationship between epicardial fat volume on cardiac CT and atherosclerosis severity in three-vessel coronary artery disease: a single-center cross-sectional study. Springer Nature  Bmc Cardiovascular Disorders  vol. 22, (1) 10.1186/s12872-022-02527-7
Cao Y, Liu W, Zhang S, Xu L, Zhu B, Cui H, Geng N, Han H and Greenwald SE (2022). Detection and Localization of Myocardial Infarction Based on Multi-Scale ResNet and Attention Mechanism. Frontiers  Frontiers in Physiology  vol. 13, 10.3389/fphys.2022.783184
Zheng D, Yao Y, Morrison I and Greenwald S (2022). 7 Photoplethysmographic assessment of arterial stiffness and endothelial function. Photoplethysmography  Elsevier  10.1016/b978-0-12-823374-0.00007-4

2021

Xu B, Yang B, Xiao J, Song A, Wang B, Wang L, Xu L, Greenwald SE and Yao Y (2021). Estimation of coronary artery movement using a non-rigid registration with global-local structure preservation. Elsevier  Computers in Biology and Medicine  vol. 141, 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105125
Ma C, Lin C, Samuel OW, Guo W, Zhang H, Greenwald S, Xu L and Li G (2021). A Bi-Directional LSTM Network for Estimating Continuous Upper Limb Movement from Surface Electromyography. Ieee Robotics and Automation Letters  vol. 6, (4) 7217-7224. 10.1109/LRA.2021.3097272
Zhang B, Li H, Xu L, Qi L, Yao Y and Greenwald SE (2021). Noncontact Heart Rate Measurement Using a Webcam, Based on Joint Blind Source Separation and a Skin Reflection Model: For a Wide Range of Imaging Conditions. Journal of Sensors  vol. 2021, 10.1155/2021/9995871
Li X, Sun Y, Xu L, Greenwald SE, Zhang L, Zhang R, You H and Yang B (2021). Automatic quantification of epicardial adipose tissue volume. Wiley  Medical Physics  vol. 48, (8) 4279-4290. 10.1002/mp.15012
Liu W, Li Z, Wang Y, Song D, Ji N, Xu L, Mei T, Sun Y and Greenwald SE (2021). Aortic pressure waveform reconstruction using a multi-channel Newton blind system identification algorithm. Elsevier  Computers in Biology and Medicine  vol. 135, 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104545
Godinho MSC, Thorpe CT, Greenwald SE and Screen H (2021). Elastase treatment of tendon specifically impacts the mechanical properties of the interfascicular matrix. Elsevier  Acta Biomaterialia  10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.030

2020

Bard A, Greenwald S and Sarkar S (2020). P.44 Application of an Algorithm Developed for Measuring Gastrointestinal Motility to the Assessment of Arterial Mechanical Properties. Springer Nature  Artery Research  vol. 26, (Suppl 1) s66-s67. 10.2991/artres.k.201209.056
Zhu Z, Li J, Zhang S, Geng N, Xu L and Greenwald SE (2020). Quality evaluation of signals collected by portable ECG devices using dimensionality reduction and flexible model integration. Physiological Measurement  vol. 41, (10) 10.1088/1361-6579/abba0b
Xu L, Zhang Y, Meng L, Li S, Niu L, Greenwald SE, Zhang H and Wang L (2020). Ultrasound Assessment of the Relation between Local Hemodynamic Parameters and Plaque Morphology. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (Ieee)  Ieee Access  vol. 8, 145149-145158. 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3014814
Li Y, Marais L, Khettab H, Quan Z, Aasmul S, Leinders R, Schüler R, Morrissey PE, Greenwald S, Segers P, Vanslembrouck M, Bruno RM, Boutouyrie P, O’Brien P, de Melis M and Baets R (2020). Silicon photonics-based laser Doppler vibrometer array for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement. Biomedical Optics Express  vol. 11, (7) 3913-3913. 10.1364/boe.394921
Wang H, Wang L, Sun N, Yao Y, Hao L, Xu L and Greenwald SE (2020). Quantitative Comparison of the Performance of Piezoresistive, Piezoelectric, Acceleration, and Optical Pulse Wave Sensors. Frontiers  Frontiers in Physiology  vol. 10, 10.3389/fphys.2019.01563

2019

Petkos K, Koutsoftidis S, Guiho T, Degenaar P, Jackson A, Greenwald SE, Brown P, Denison T and Drakakis EM (2019). A high-performance 8 nV/√Hz 8-channel wearable and wireless system for real-time monitoring of bioelectrical signals. Springer Nature  Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation  vol. 16, (1) 10.1186/s12984-019-0629-2
Qi L, Yu H, Xu L, Mpanda RS and Greenwald SE (2019). Robust heart-rate estimation from facial videos using Project_ICA. Iop Publishing  Physiological Measurement  vol. 40, (8) 10.1088/1361-6579/ab2c9f
Tommasin D, Caenen A, Verhegghe B, Greenwald S and Segers P (2019). Physics of Within-Tissue Wave Propagation Generated by Pulse Propagation in the Carotid Artery. Applied Sciences-Basel  vol. 9, (14) 10.3390/app9142878
Mancini V, Tommasin D, Li Y, Reeves J, Baets R, Greenwald S, Segers P and CARDIS consortium (2019). Detecting carotid stenosis from skin vibrations using Laser Doppler Vibrometry - An in vitro proof-of-concept. Plos One  vol. 14, (6) e0218317-e0218317. 10.1371/journal.pone.0218317

2018

Zhang Y, Jiang Z, Qi L, Xu L, Sun X, Chu X, Liu Y, Zhang T and Greenwald SE (2018). Evaluation of cardiorespiratory function during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in untreated hypertensive and healthy subjects. Frontiers Media  Frontiers in Physiology  vol. 9, (NOV) 10.3389/fphys.2018.01590
Zhang Y, Qi L, Xu L, Sun X, Liu W, Zhou S, van de Vosse F and Greenwald SE (2018). Effects of exercise modalities on central hemodynamics, arterial stiffness and cardiac function in cardiovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Public Library of Science (Plos)  Plos One  vol. 13, (7) 10.1371/journal.pone.0200829
Gutiérrez‐Arzapalo PY, Rodríguez‐Rodríguez P, Ramiro‐Cortijo D, de Pablo ÁLL, López‐Giménez MR, Condezo‐Hoyos L, Greenwald SE, del Carmen González M and Arribas SM (2018). Role of fetal nutrient restriction and postnatal catch‐up growth on structural and mechanical alterations of rat aorta. Wiley  The Journal of Physiology  vol. 596, (23) 5791-5806. 10.1113/jp275030
Tommasin D, Li Y, Reeves J, Baets R, Greenwald S and Segers P (2018). Feasibility study of local pulse wave velocity estimation in the carotid artery with multi-beam Laser Doppler Vibrometer. Springer Nature  Artery Research  vol. 24, (C) 129-130. 10.1016/j.artres.2018.10.221
Marais L, Aasmul S, Baets R, De Melis M, Greenwald SE, Khettab H, Li Y, Prinzen F, Reesink K, Segers P and Boutouyrie P (2018). Non-contact measurement of local carotid and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity by Laser Doppler Vibrometry: Validation of a new device against reference techniques in hypertensive patients. Springer Nature  Artery Research  vol. 24, (C) 10.1016/j.artres.2018.10.104
Mancini V, Tommasin D, Li Y, Baets R, Greenwald S and Segers P (2018). Can Laser Doppler Vibrometer detect carotid stenosis from skin vibrations? Hydraulic bench tests on patient-specific model. Springer Nature  Artery Research  vol. 24, (C) 10.1016/j.artres.2018.10.043

2017

Godinho MSC, Thorpe CT, Greenwald SE and Screen HRC (2017). Elastin is Localised to the Interfascicular Matrix of Energy Storing Tendons and Becomes Increasingly Disorganised With Ageing. Scientific Reports  vol. 7, (1) 10.1038/s41598-017-09995-4

2016

Senaphan K, Sangartit W, Pakdeechote P, Kukongviriyapan V, Pannangpetch P, Thawornchinsombut S, Greenwald SE and Kukongviriyapan U (2016). Rice bran protein hydrolysates reduce arterial stiffening, vascular remodeling and oxidative stress in rats fed a high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet. Springer Nature  European Journal of Nutrition  vol. 57, (1) 219-230. 10.1007/s00394-016-1311-0
Forouhi NG, Menon RK, Sharp SJ, Mannan N, Timms PM, Martineau AR, Rickard AP, Boucher BJ, Chowdhury TA, Griffiths CJ, Greenwald SE, Griffin SJ and Hitman GA (2016). Effects of vitamin D2 or D3 supplementation on glycaemic control and cardiometabolic risk among people at risk of type 2 diabetes: results of a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial. Wiley  Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism  vol. 18, (4) 392-400. 10.1111/dom.12625
Godinho MSC, Screen HRC, Greenwald SE and Thorpe CT (2016). Elastin is more abundant in energy storing tendons and is localised to the tendon interfascicular matrix. International Journal of Experimental Pathology  vol. 97, (6) A3-A4.

2015

Senaphan K, Kukongviriyapan U, Sangartit W, Pakdeechote P, Pannangpetch P, Prachaney P, Greenwald SE and Kukongviriyapan V (2015). Ferulic Acid Alleviates Changes in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome Induced by High-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet. Mdpi  Nutrients  vol. 7, (8) 6446-6464. 10.3390/nu7085283
Brewin MP, Birch MJ, Mehta DJ, Reeves JW, Shaw S, Kruse C, Whiteman JR, Hu S, Kenz ZR, Banks HT and Greenwald SE (2015). Characterisation of Elastic and Acoustic Properties of an Agar-Based Tissue Mimicking Material. Springer Nature  Annals of Biomedical Engineering  vol. 43, (10) 2587-2596. 10.1007/s10439-015-1294-7

2014

Sangartit W, Kukongviriyapan U, Donpunha W, Pakdeechote P, Kukongviriyapan V, Surawattanawan P and Greenwald SE (2014). Tetrahydrocurcumin Protects against Cadmium-Induced Hypertension, Raised Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Remodeling in Mice., Editors: Gupta S. Public Library of Science  Plos One  vol. 9, (12) e114908-e114908. 10.1371/journal.pone.0114908
Boonla O, Kukongviriyapan U, Pakdeechote P, Kukongviriyapan V, Pannangpetch P, Prachaney P and Greenwald SE (2014). Curcumin improves endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling in 2K-1C hypertensive rats by raising nitric oxide availability and reducing oxidative stress. Nitric Oxide  vol. 42, 44-53. 10.1016/j.niox.2014.09.001
Brewin MP, Srodon PD, Greenwald SE and Birch MJ (2014). Carotid atherosclerotic plaque characterisation by measurement of ultrasound sound speed in vitro at high frequency, 20 MHz. Ultrasonics  vol. 54, (2) 428-441. 10.1016/j.ultras.2013.04.015
Louis-Auguste J, Greenwald S, Simuyandi M, Soko R, Banda R and Kelly P (2014). High dose multiple micronutrient supplementation improves villous morphology in environmental enteropathy without HIV enteropathy: results from a double-blind randomised placebo controlled trial in Zambian adults. Bmc Gastroenterol  vol. 14, 10.1186/1471-230X-14-15
Banks HT, Birch MJ, Brewin MP, Greenwald SE, Hu S, Kenz ZR, Kruse C, Maischak M, Shaw S and Whiteman JR (2014). High-order space-time finite element schemes for acoustic and viscodynamic wave equations with temporal decoupling. International Journal For Numerical Methods in Engineering  vol. 98, (2) 131-156. 10.1002/nme.4631
Gardiner HM, Matsui H, Roughton M, Greenwald SE, Diemert A, Taylor MJO and Hecher K (2014). Cardiac function in 10-year-old twins following different fetal therapies for twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology  vol. 43, (6) 652-657. 10.1002/uog.13279
Banks HT, Hu S, Kenz ZR, Kruse C, Shaw S, Whiteman J, Brewin MP, Greenwald SE and Birch MJ (2014). MODEL VALIDATION FOR A NONINVASIVE ARTERIAL STENOSIS DETECTION PROBLEM. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering  vol. 11, (3) 427-448. 10.3934/mbe.2014.11.427
Shcherbakova DA, Papadacci C, Swillens A, Caenen A, De Bock S, Saey V, Chiers K, Tanter M, Greenwald SE, Pernot M and Segers P (2014). Supersonic Shear Wave Imaging to Assess Arterial Nonlinear Behavior and Anisotropy: Proof of Principle via Ex Vivo Testing of the Horse Aorta. Sage Publications  Advances in Mechanical Engineering  vol. 2014, 10.1155/2014/272586

2013

Hoonjan B, Dulai R, Ahmed Z, Lucey A, Twycross-Lewis R, Morrissey D and Greenwald SE (2013). Comparing the effect of moderate intensity exercise on arterial stiffness in resistance trained athletes, endurance trained athletes and sedentary controls: A cross-sectional observational study. Artery Research  vol. 7, (3-4) 216-221. 10.1016/j.artres.2013.08.002
Greenwald S, Brown A, Roberts A and Clubb F (2013). Biological Assays: Cellular Level. Biomedical Technology and Devices, Second Edition  Taylor & Francis  10.1201/b15085-17
Banks HT, Hu S, Kenz ZR, Kruse C, Shaw S, Whiteman JR, Brewin MP, Greenwald SE and Birch MJ (2013). Material parameter estimation and hypothesis testing on a 1D viscoelastic stenosis model: Methodology. De Gruyter  Journal of Inverse and III-Posed Problems  vol. 21, (1) 25-57. 10.1515/jip-2012-0081
Phababpha S, Kukongviriyapan U, Pakdeechote P, Senggunprai L, Kukongviriyapan V, Settasatian C, Tatsanavivat P, Intharaphet P, Senthong V, Komanasin N, Settasatian N and Greenwald SE (2013). Association of arterial stiffness with single nucleotide polymorphism rs1333049 and metabolic risk factors. Cardiovascular Diabetology  vol. 12, 10.1186/1475-2840-12-93
Sun Y, Hu S, Azorin-Peris V, Kalawsky R and Greenwald S (2013). Noncontact imaging photoplethysmography to effectively access pulse rate variability. Pubmed  Journal of Biomedical Optics  vol. 18, (6) 10.1117/1.JBO.18.6.061205
Hoonjan B, Dulai R, Ahmed Z, Lucey A, Twycross-Lewis R, Morrissey D and Greenwald SE (2013). Comparing the effect of moderate intensity exercise on arterial stiffness in resistance trained athletes, endurance trained athletes and sedentary controls: A cross-sectional observational study. Springer Nature  Artery Research  vol. 7, (3-4) 216-221. 10.1016/j.artres.2013.08.002
Rachev A, Greenwald S and Shazly T (2013). Are Geometrical and Structural Variations Along the Length of the Aorta Governed by a Principle of Optimal Mechanical Operation? Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of The Asme  vol. 135, (8) 10.1115/1.4024664
Louis-Auguste J, Greenwald S, Banda R and Kelly P (2013). MULTIPLE MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES SMALL BOWEL HISTOLOGICAL ARCHITECTURE AND ABSORPTIVE AREA IN ZAMBIAN ADULTS. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism  vol. 63, 1354-1354.
Greenwald SE, Banks HT, Birch MJ, Brewin MP, Hu S, Kenz ZR, Kruse C, Mehta D, Reeves J, Shaw S and Whiteman JR (2013). Acoustic localisation of coronary artery stenosis: Wave propagation in soft tissue mimicking gels. Springer Nature  Artery Research  vol. 7, (3-4) 10.1016/j.artres.2013.10.081
Shaw S, Whiteman JR, Greenwald SE, Kruse C, Banks HT, Birch MJ, Kenz ZR, Reeves J, Hu S and Brewin MP (2013). Towards computational diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Springer Nature  Artery Research  vol. 7, (3-4) 123-124. 10.1016/j.artres.2013.10.079
Greenwald SE, Brown AG, Roberts A and Clubb FJ (2013). Histology and Staining. Biomedical Technology and Devices, Second Edition  10.1201/b15085-18

2012

Dulai R, Perry M, Twycross-Lewis R, Morrissey D, Atzeni F and Greenwald S (2012). The effect of tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists on arterial stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis: a literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum  vol. 42, (1) 1-8. 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2012.02.002
Shaw S, Kruse C, Whiteman , Greenwald , Brewin M and Birch M (2012). ON THE POTENTIAL OF COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE. Elsevier  Journal of Biomechanics  vol. 45, 10.1016/s0021-9290(12)70143-4
Brewin M, Greenwald , Shaw S, Kruse C, Whiteman and Birch M (2012). CHARACTERISATION OF AGAROSE GEL AS A TISSUE MIMIC MATERIAL (TMM) FOR USE IN AN ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST OBJECT INVESTIGATING THE ACOUSTIC LOCALISATION OF CORONARY STENOSIS. Elsevier  Journal of Biomechanics  vol. 45, 10.1016/s0021-9290(12)70140-9
Gardiner HM, Barlas A, Matsui H, Diemart A, Taylor MJO, Preece J, Gordon F, GREENWALD SE and Hecher K (2012). Vascular programming in twins: the effects of chorionicity and fetal therapy for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. , 2012. 3: 182 - 189. Cambridge Journals Online  Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease  vol. 3, (3) 182-189. 10.1017/S204017441200013X
Detchaporn P, Kukongviriyapan U, Prawan A, Jetsrisuparb A, Greenwald S and Kukongviriyapan V (2012). Altered Vascular Function, Arterial Stiffness, and Antioxidant Gene Responses in Pediatric Thalassemia Patients. Springer Verlag  10.1007/s00246-012-0225-8
Sun Y, Papin C, Azorin-Peris V, Kalawsky R, GREENWALD SE and Hu S (2012). Use of ambient light in remote photoplethysmographic systems: comparison between a high-performance camera and a low-cost webcam. - 037005-10. Spie Digital Library  Journal of Biomedical Optics  vol. 17, (3) 037005-1-037005-10. 10.1117/1.JBO.17.3.037005
Sun Y, Papin C, Azorin-Peris V, Kalawsky R, Greenwald S and Hu S (2012). Use of ambient light in remote photoplethysmographic systems: comparison between a high-performance camera and a low-cost webcam. Journal of Biomedical Optics  vol. 17, (3) 10.1117/1.JBO.17.3.037005
Gardiner HM, Barlas A, Matsui H, Diemert A, Taylor MJO, Preece J, Gordon F, Greenwald SE and Hecher K (2012). Vascular programming in twins: the effects of chorionicity and fetal therapy for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. Cambridge Journals Online  Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease  vol. 3, (3) 182-189. 10.1017/S204017441200013X
Detchaporn P, Kukongviriyapan U, Prawan A, Jetsrisuparb A, Greenwald SE and Kukongviriyapan V (2012). Altered vascular function, arterial stiffness, and antioxidant gene responses in pediatric thalassemia patients. Springer Link  Pediatric Cardiology  vol. 33, (7) 1054-1060. 10.1007/s00246-012-0225-8
Kumar A, Ray PST, Morissey D, Twycross-Lewis R and Greenwald SE (2012). The effect of muscularity and handedness on radial arterial pulse wave velocity in healthy volunteers. Springer Nature  Artery Research  vol. 6, (4) 170-171. 10.1016/j.artres.2012.09.106
Evagora C, Hillery C, Timmins LH, Das E, Badye S, Moore JE, Martin JE and Greenwald SE (2012). Characterisation of the two-layered media in the mammalian carotid artery. Springer Nature  Artery Research  vol. 6, (4) 10.1016/j.artres.2012.09.022

2011

Hoonjan B, Dulai R, Ahmed M, Lucey A, Morrissey D, Twycross-Lewis R and Greenwald S (2011). The effect of moderate intensity exercise on arterial stiffness in resistance trained athletes, endurance trained athletes and sedentary controls: a cross-sectional observational study. Bmj  British Journal of Sports Medicine  vol. 45, (15) 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090606.24
Dulai R, Ahmed M, Morrissey D, Twycross-Lewis R and Greenwald S (2011). Arterial stiffness before and after moderate intensity exercise in athletes and controls: a cross-sectional observational study. Bmj  British Journal of Sports Medicine  vol. 45, (2) 10.1136/bjsm.2010.081554.23
Cohen RD, Brown CL, Nickols C, Levey P, Boucher BJ, Greenwald SE and Wang W (2011). Inbuilt mechanisms for overcoming functional problems inherent in hepatic microlobular structure. Comput Math Methods Med  vol. 2011, 10.1155/2011/185845
Sun Y, Hu S, Azorin-Peris V, Greenwald S, Chambers J and Zhu Y (2011). Motion-compensated noncontact imaging photoplethysmography to monitor cardiorespiratory status during exercise. Journal of Biomedical Optics  vol. 16, (7) 10.1117/1.3602852
Yu S, Hu S, Azorin-Peris V, Zheng J, Greenwald SE, Chambers J and Zhu Y (2011). Detection of physiological changes after exercise via a remote opto-physiological imaging system. 10.1117/12.872723

2010

Gardiner HM, Matsui H, Hecher K, Diemert A, Taylor M, Greenwald S, Barlas A, Preece J and Gordon F (2010). OC15.04: Vascular development and responses in twins: influence of monochorionicity, inter‐twin transfusion and fetal therapy. Wiley  Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology  vol. 36, (S1) 30-30. 10.1002/uog.7860
Timmins LH, Wu QF, Yeh AT, Moore JE and Greenwald SE (2010). Structural inhomogeneity and fiber orientation in the inner arterial media. Am J Physiol-Heart C  vol. 298, (5) H1537-H1545. 10.1152/ajpheart.00891.2009

2009

Kips J, Ayoola O, Greenwald S, Balogun W, Clayton P, Van Bortel L, Segers P and Cruickshank JK (2009). Initial Data on the Natural History of apwv in West African Infants. Springer Nature  Artery Research  vol. 3, (4) 10.1016/j.artres.2009.10.017

2007

Greenwald SE (2007). Ageing of the conduit arteries. J Pathol  vol. 211, (2) 157-172. 10.1002/path.2101

2006

Screen HRC, Chhaya VH, Greenwald SE, Bader DL, Lee DA and Shelton JC (2006). The influence of swelling and matrix degradation on the microstructural integrity of tendon. Acta Biomater  vol. 2, (5) 505-513. 10.1016/j.actbio.2006.05.008
GREENWALD SE, Screen HRC, Shelton JA, Bader DA, Lee DA and Chhaya VH (2006). Tendon Microstructure and Mechanical Characteristics. Acta Biomateriala  vol. 2, 505-513.
Janzén E, Son NT, Magnusson B and Ellison A (2006). Intrinsic defects in high-purity SiC. Elsevier  Microelectronic Engineering  vol. 83, (1) 130-134. 10.1016/j.mee.2005.10.038

2004

Greenwald SE (2004). Modelling emboli with floating fir cones. Bmj  vol. 329, (7480) 1433-1434. 10.1136/bmj.329.7480.1433
Kelly P, Menzies I, Crane R, Zulu I, Nickols C, Feakins R, Mwansa J, Mudenda V, Katubulushi M, Greenwald S and Farthing M (2004). Responses of small intestinal architecture and function over time to environmental factors in a tropical population. Am J Trop Med Hyg  vol. 70, (4) 412-419. 10.4269/ajtmh.2004.70.412

2003

Rachev A and Greenwald SE (2003). Residual strains in conduit arteries (vol 36, pg 661, 2003). J Biomech  vol. 36, (11) 1751-1751. 10.1006/S0021-9290(02)00444-X
Rachev A and Greenwald SE (2003). Erratum: Residual strains in conduit arteries (Journal of Biomechanics (2003) 36 (661-670)). Journal of Biomechanics  vol. 36, (11) 10.1016/S0021-9290(03)00180-5
Rachev A and Greenwald SE (2003). Residual strains in conduit arteries (vol 36, pg 661, 2003). J Biomech  vol. 36, (7) 1067-1067. 10.1016/S0021-9290(03)00111-8
Rachev A and Greenwald SE (2003). Residual strains in conduit arteries. J Biomech  vol. 36, (5) 661-670. 10.1016/s0021-9290(02)00444-x
Gardiner HM, Taylor MJO, Karatza A, Vanderheyden T, Huber A, Greenwald SE, Fisk NM and Hecher K (2003). Twin-twin transfusion syndrome: the influence of intrauterine laser photocoagulation on arterial distensibility in childhood. Circulation  vol. 107, (14) 1906-1911. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000060543.64250.80
GREENWALD SE and Brown AG (2003). Histology and Staining. Biomedical Technology and Devices Handbook. Moore Je, Zouridakis (Eds)  Crc Press  10.1201/9780203491492-24

2002

McMahon AC, Greenwald SE, Dodd SM, Hurst MJ and Raine AEG (2002). Prolonged calcium transients and myocardial remodelling in early experimental uraemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant  vol. 17, (5) 759-764. 10.1093/ndt/17.5.759
Kelly P, Menzies I, Crane R, Zulu I, Nickols C, Feakins R, Mudenda V, Katubulushi M, Greenwald S and Farthing M (2002). Tropical enteropathy: A dynamic response to environmental influences. Gut  vol. 50, A91-A91.
Greenwald SE (2002). Pulse pressure and arterial elasticity. Qjm  vol. 95, (2) 107-112. 10.1093/qjmed/95.2.107
Loukogeorgakis S, Dawson R, Phillips N, Martyn CN and Greenwald SE (2002). Validation of a device to measure arterial pulse wave velocity by a photoplethysmographic method. Physiological Measurement  vol. 23, (3) 581-596. 10.1088/0967-3334/23/3/309

2001

Richardson G, Moore AR, Greenwald SE, Benjamin N and Rothman MT (2001). A copper-containing polymer coating generates nitric oxide to inhibit platelet aggregation without inducing inflammation: A possible stent coating? Am J Cardiol  vol. 88, (5A) 14G-14G.
Gardiner HM, Taylor MO, Karatza A, Greenwald SE and Hecher K (2001). Fetal determinants of arterial stiffness: a monochorionic twin study. Eur Heart J  vol. 22, 236-236.
Sheaff M, Campbell J, Millar J, Feneley M, Greenwald S and Baithun SI (2001). Is angiogenesis related to prognosis in adenocarcinoma of the prostate? J Pathol  vol. 193, 46A-46A.
Bose M, Nickols C, Greenwald S, Feakins R, Perrett D and Farthing M (2001). 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in colonic mucosa in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): Assessment by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Gut  vol. 48, A57-A57.
GREENWALD SE, Hayashi K, Rachev A, Meister J-J and Stergiopulos N (2001). Techniques in the Determination of the Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Laws of Arterial Wallls. Cardiovascular Technques (Biomechanical Systems: Techniques and Applications). Leondes Ct (Ed)  Crc Press  10.1201/9781420049534.ch-06
Stergiopulos N, Vulliémoz S, Rachev A, Meister JJ and Greenwald SE (2001). Assessing the homogeneity of the elastic properties and composition of the pig aortic media. J Vasc Res  vol. 38, (3) 237-246. 10.1159/000051052
GREENWALD SE, Meister J-J, Pannatier A, Rachev A and Stergiopulos N (2001). Assessment of mechanical inhomogeneity in the arterial wall by an artery inversion test. Cardiovascular Engineering  vol. 1, 31-36. 10.1023/a:1011587522951

2000

Kelly P, Greenwald SE, Menzies I, Crane R, Feakins R, Zulu I, Mudenda V and Farthing MJ (2000). Differential variation in jejunal structure and function in tropical and HIV-related enteropathy. Elsevier  Gastroenterology  vol. 118, (4) 10.1016/s0016-5085(00)82454-3
Greenwald SE and Berry CL (2000). Improving vascular grafts: the importance of mechanical and haemodynamic properties. J Pathol  vol. 190, (3) 292-299. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(200002)190:3<292::AID-PATH528>3.0.CO;2-S

1998

Hopkins I, Greenwald S, Berry CL and Berney DM (1998). Quantitative changes in adult rat kidneys subjected to maternal protein deprivation. Journal of Pathology  vol. 186, 34A-34A.

1997

Berney DM, Desai M, Palmer DJ, Greenwald S, Brown A, Hales CN and Berry CL (1997). The effects of maternal protein deprivation on the fetal rat pancreas: major structural changes and their recuperation. Wiley  The Journal of Pathology  vol. 183, (1) 109-115. 10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(199709)183:1<109::aid-path1091>3.0.co;2-b
Brodsky GV, Kagan II, Lower AM, Grudzinskas JG, Coumbe AM and Greenwald SE (1997). P-245. Morphology of the Fallopian tube in relation to significant genital tract pathology. Oxford University Press (Oup)  Human Reproduction  vol. 12, (Suppl_2) 234-234. 10.1093/humrep/12.suppl_2.234
Bertram CD, Gow BS and Greenwald SE (1997). Comparison of different methods for the determination of the true wave propagation coefficient, in rubber tubes and the canine thoracic aorta. Medical Engineering & Physics  vol. 19, (3) 212-222. 10.1016/s1350-4533(96)00073-2
Greenwald SE, Moore JE, Rachev A, Kane TP and Meister JJ (1997). Experimental investigation of the distribution of residual strains in the artery wall. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering  vol. 119, (4) 438-444. 10.1115/1.2798291
Martyn CN and Greenwald SE (1997). Impaired synthesis of elastin in walls of aorta and large conduit arteries during early development as an initiating event in pathogenesis of systemic hypertension. Lancet  vol. 350, (9082) 953-955. 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)10508-0

1996

Martyn CN and Greenwald SE (1996). Pulse wave velocity as a marker of vascular disease. Lancet  vol. 348, (9041) 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66200-9
Badreck-Amoudi A, Patel CK, Kane TP and Greenwald SE (1996). The effect of age on residual strain in the rat aorta. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering  vol. 118, (4) 440-444. 10.1115/1.2796029

1995

(1995). Erratum. Elsevier  Biorheology  vol. 32, (5) 10.1016/0006-355x(95)90872-u
Rachev A, Greenwald SE, Kane TPC, Moore JE and Meister JJ (1995). Analysis of the strain and stress distribution in the wall of the developing and mature rat aorta. Ios Press  Biorheology  vol. 32, (4) 473-485. 10.3233/bir-1995-32405
Martyn CN, Barker DJ, Jespersen S, Greenwald S, Osmond C and Berry C (1995). Growth in utero, adult blood pressure, and arterial compliance. Bmj  Heart  vol. 73, (2) 10.1136/hrt.73.2.116
Rachev A, Greenwald SE, Kane TP, Moore JE and Meister JJ (1995). Analysis of the strain and stress distribution in the wall of the developing and mature rat aorta. Biorheology  vol. 32, (4) 473-485. 10.1016/0006-355X(95)00024-4
Pollock L, Rampling D, Greenwald SE and Malone M (1995). Desmin expression in rhabdomyosarcoma: influence of the desmin clone and immunohistochemical method. Journal of Clinical Pathology  vol. 48, (6) 535-538. 10.1136/jcp.48.6.535
Vulliemoz S, Stergiopulos N, Greenwald SE, Pannatier A and Meister J-J (1995). Modele a Deux Couches de la Paroi Arterielle: Proprietes Elastiques et Distribution Des Contraintes. Taylor & Francis  Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry  vol. 103, (3) c46-c46. 10.3109/13813459509037271
Saini A, Berry C and Greenwald S (1995). Effect of Age and Sex on Residual Stress in the Aorta. Karger Publishers  Journal of Vascular Research  vol. 32, (6) 398-405. 10.1159/000159115
RACHEV A, GREENWALD SE, KANE TPC, MOORE JE and MEISTER JJ (1995). ANALYSIS OF THE STRAIN AND STRESS-DISTRIBUTION IN THE WALL OF THE DEVELOPING AND MATURE RAT AORTA (VOL 32, PG 477, 1995). Biorheology  vol. 32, (5) 589-589.

1994

Hsiang YN, Crespo MT, Houston GTM, To EC, Todd ME, Sobeh MS, Greenwald SE and Bower RD (1994). Selective treatment of atherosclerosis using photodynamic therapy in the Yucatan miniswine: preliminary results. Spie, The International Society For Optics and Photonics  Proceedings of Spie  vol. 2130, 53-58. 10.1117/12.179930
Sobeh MS, Chan P, Greenwald SE, Ham RJ, Wood AJ, Cross FW and Hsiang YN (1994). Suppression of neointimal hyperplasia by photodynamic therapy: in vitro and in vivo results. Spie, The International Society For Optics and Photonics  Proceedings of Spie  vol. 2130, 47-52. 10.1117/12.179929
Rachev A, Greenwald SE, Kane TPC, Moore JE, Drenska S and Meister JJ (1994). Analysis of the effect of aging on the strain and stress distribution in the arterial wall. Elsevier  Journal of Biomechanics  vol. 27, (6) 10.1016/0021-9290(94)91460-5

1993

Berry CL, Sosa‐Melgarejo JA and Greenwald SE (1993). The relationship between wall tension, lamellar thickness, and intercellular junctions in the fetal and adult aorta: Its relevance to the pathology of dissecting aneurysm. Wiley  The Journal of Pathology  vol. 169, (1) 15-20. 10.1002/path.1711690104

1992

Salih V, Greenwald SE, Chong CF, Coumbe A and Berry CL (1992). The development of an in-vitro perfusion system for studies on cultured cells. International Journal of Experimental Pathology  vol. 73, (5) 625-632.
Celermajer DS, Dodd SM, Greenwald SE, Wyse RKH and Deanfield JE (1992). Morbid anatomy in neonates with Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve: Pathophysiologic and clinical implications. Elsevier  Journal of The American College of Cardiology  vol. 19, (5) 1049-1053. 10.1016/0735-1097(92)90293-v
Crooks DA, Scholtz CL, Vowles G, Greenwald S and Evans S (1992). Axonal Injury in Closed Head Injury by Assault: A Quantitative Study. Sage Publications  Medicine Science and The Law  vol. 32, (2) 109-117. 10.1177/106002809203200204
Bertram CD and Greenwald SE (1992). A General Method of Determining the Frequency-Dependent Propagation Coefficient and Characteristic Impedance of an Artery in the Presence of Reflections. Asme International  Journal of Biomechanical Engineering  vol. 114, (1) 2-9. 10.1115/1.2895445

1991

CROOKS DA, SCHOLTZ CL, VOWLES G, GREENWALD S and EVANS S (1991). The glial reaction in closed head injuries. Wiley  Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology  vol. 17, (5) 407-414. 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1991.tb00740.x

1990

Greenwald SE, Carter AC and Berry CL (1990). Effect of age on the in vitro reflection coefficient of the aortoiliac bifurcation in humans. Wolters Kluwer  Circulation  vol. 82, (1) 114-123. 10.1161/01.cir.82.1.114

1989

Tippins JR, Greenwald SE, Lever MJ, MacIntyre I and Morris HR (1989). Coronary vasodilation induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide in the anaesthetised pig. Elsevier  Neuropeptides  vol. 13, (2) 95-102. 10.1016/0143-4179(89)90005-x
GREENWALD SE (1989). BIRD DROPPINGS. New Scientist  vol. 122, (1660) 65-65.

1988

Greenwald SE, Collino CE and Berry CL (1988). In vitro determination of lung airway compliance in small animals. Springer Nature  Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing  vol. 26, (5) 497-502. 10.1007/bf02441917

1987

GREENWALD SE and CLARK AD (1987). MANUSCRIPT MANAGER (CBE Style) Version 1.1. Portland Press  Biochemical Society Transactions  vol. 15, (3) 567-567. 10.1042/bst0150567
Chilosi M, Bonetti F, Menestrina F, Lestani M, Greenwald SE and Berry CL (1987). Letters to the editor. Wiley  The Journal of Pathology  vol. 152, (1) 55-57. 10.1002/path.1711520108
Berry CL, Greenwald SE, Weiss L, Harlos JP, Norton AJ and Isaacson PG (1987). Letters to the editor. Wiley  The Journal of Pathology  vol. 151, (3) 239-242. 10.1002/path.1711510312
Berry CL and Greenwald SE (1987). The validity of negative necropsy reports from metastases in solid organs. J Pathol  vol. 151, (3) 239-240. 10.1002/path.1711510312
GREENWALD SE and BERRY CL (1987). THE VALIDITY OF NEGATIVE NECROPSY REPORTS FROM METASTASES IN SOLID ORGANS. Journal of Pathology  vol. 152, (1) 57-57.

1986

Moodie TB, Barclay DW and Greenwald SE (1986). Impulse propagation in liquid filled distensible tubes: Theory and experiment for intermediate to long wavelengths. Springer Nature  Acta Mechanica  vol. 59, (1-2) 47-58. 10.1007/bf01177059
Newman DL, Sipkema P, Greenwald SE and Westerhof N (1986). High frequency characteristics of the arterial system. Elsevier  Journal of Biomechanics  vol. 19, (10) 817-824. 10.1016/0021-9290(86)90132-6

1985

Greenwald SE, Berry CL and Ramsey RE (1985). The static elastic properties and chemical composition of the rat aorta in spontaneously occurring and experimentally induced hypertension: the effect of an anti-hypertensive drug. International Journal of Experimental Pathology  vol. 66, (6) 633-642.
Greenwald SE, Newman DL and Moodie TB (1985). Impulse propagation in rubber-tube analogues of arterial stenoses and aneurysms. Springer Nature  Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing  vol. 23, (2) 150-154. 10.1007/bf02456752
Greenwald SE, Newman DL and Moodie TB (1985). Reflection of pressure transients in rubber tube analogues of arterial stenoses and aneurysms.
SE G, RJ J and HAWORTH SG (1985). Pulmonary vascular input impedance in the newborn and infant pig. Oxford University Press (Oup)  Cardiovascular Research  vol. 19, (1) 44-50. 10.1093/cvr/19.1.44

1984

Moodie TB, Barclay DW, Greenwald SE and Newman DL (1984). Waves in fluid filled tubes: Theory and experiment. Springer Nature  Acta Mechanica  vol. 54, (1-2) 107-119. 10.1007/bf01190600
Greenwald SE, Berry CL, Kay PH, Franks RE, Capuani A and Lincoln C (1984). Modified Blalock-Taussig operation using polytetrafluoroethylene (Impra) grafts. Bmj  Heart  vol. 52, (5) 10.1136/hrt.52.5.594
Greenwald SE, Letts LG, Newman DL and Piper PJ (1984). Actions of cysteinyl leukotrienes in coronary, femoral and carotid vessels of the pig. Elsevier  European Journal of Pharmacology  vol. 103, (1-2) 107-114. 10.1016/0014-2999(84)90195-x

1983

Newman DL, Greenwald SE and Bryant Moodie T (1983). Reflection from elastic discontinuities. Springer Nature  Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing  vol. 21, (6) 697-701. 10.1007/bf02464032
Letts LG, Newman DL, Greenwald SE and Piper PJ (1983). Effects of intra-coronary administration of leukotriene D4 in the anaesthetized dog. Elsevier  Prostaglandins  vol. 26, (4) 563-572. 10.1016/0090-6980(83)90194-6
Newman DL, Penney SJ and Greenwald SE (1983). Pulse propagation characteristics by an impulse technique. Springer Nature  Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing  vol. 21, (4) 515-517. 10.1007/bf02442643

1982

GREENWALD SE, BERRY CL and HAWORTH SG (1982). Changes in the distensibility of the intrapulmonary arteries in the normal newborn and growing pig. Oxford University Press (Oup)  Cardiovascular Research  vol. 16, (12) 716-725. 10.1093/cvr/16.12.716
Greenwald SE, Berry CL and Haworth SG (1982). Changes in the distensibility of the intrapulmonary arteries in the normal newborn and growing pig. Cardiovasc Res  vol. 16, (12) 716-725. 10.1093/cvr/16.12.716
Greenwald SE and Newman DL (1982). Impulse propagation through junctions. Springer Nature  Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing  vol. 20, (3) 343-350. 10.1007/bf02442802
GREENWALD SE, NEWMAN DL and DENYER HT (1982). Effect of smooth muscle activity on the static and dynamic elastic properties of the rabbit carotid artery. Oxford University Press (Oup)  Cardiovascular Research  vol. 16, (2) 86-94. 10.1093/cvr/16.2.86
Greenwald SE, Newman DL and Denyer HT (1982). Effect of smooth muscle activity on the static and dynamic elastic properties of the rabbit carotid artery. Cardiovasc Res  vol. 16, (2) 86-94. 10.1093/cvr/16.2.86
Newman DL and Greenwald SE (1982). The Effect of Smooth Muscle Activity on the Static and Dynamic Elastic Properties of the Rabbit Carotid Artery. Cardiovascular System Dynamics  Springer Nature  10.1007/978-1-4899-6693-3_39
Newman DL and Greenwald SE (1982). Propagation and Reflection Characteristics of the Human Aorta. Biomechanics: Principles and Applications  Springer Nature  10.1007/978-94-009-7678-8_45

1981

BERRY CL, GREENWALD SE and MENAHEM N (1981). Effect of beta-aminopropionitrile on the static elastic properties and blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Oxford University Press (Oup)  Cardiovascular Research  vol. 15, (7) 373-381. 10.1093/cvr/15.7.373
Berry CL, Greenwald SE and Menahem N (1981). Effect of beta-aminopropionitrile on the static elastic properties and blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cardiovasc Res  vol. 15, (7) 373-381. 10.1093/cvr/15.7.373
NEWMAN DL, GREENWALD SE and DENYER HT (1981). Impulse propagation in normal and stenosed vessels. Oxford University Press (Oup)  Cardiovascular Research  vol. 15, (4) 190-195. 10.1093/cvr/15.4.190
Newman DL, Greenwald SE and Denyer HT (1981). Impulse propagation in normal and stenosed vessels. Cardiovasc Res  vol. 15, (4) 190-195. 10.1093/cvr/15.4.190
Greenwald SE and Berry CL (1981). THE EFFECT OF ALTERATIONS IN SCLEROPROTEIN CONTENT ON THE STATIC ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF THE ARTERIAL WALL. Cardiovascular Physiology: Heart, Peripheral Circulation and Methodology  Elsevier  10.1016/b978-0-08-026820-0.50028-7

1980

Newman DL and Greenwald SE (1980). Analysis of forward and backward pressure waves by a total-occlusion method. Springer Nature  Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing  vol. 18, (2) 241-245. 10.1007/bf02443301

1979

NEWMAN DL, GREENWALD SE and BOWDEN NLR (1979). An in vivo study of the total occlusion method for the analysis of forward and backward pressure waves. Oxford University Press (Oup)  Cardiovascular Research  vol. 13, (10) 595-600. 10.1093/cvr/13.10.595
Newman DL, Greenwald SE and Bowden NL (1979). An in vivo study of the total occlusion method for the analysis of forward and backward pressure waves. Cardiovasc Res  vol. 13, (10) 595-600. 10.1093/cvr/13.10.595

1978

GREENWALD SE, NEWMAN DL and BOWDEN NLR (1978). Comparison between theoretical and directly measured pulse propagation velocities in the aorta of the anaesthetised dog. Oxford University Press (Oup)  Cardiovascular Research  vol. 12, (7) 407-414. 10.1093/cvr/12.7.407
Greenwald SE, Newman DL and Bowden NL (1978). Comparison between theoretical and directly measured pulse propagation velocities in the aorta of the anesthetised dog. Cardiovasc Res  vol. 12, (7) 407-414. 10.1093/cvr/12.7.407
GREENWALD SE and BERRY CL (1978). Static mechanical properties and chemical composition of the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats: a comparison with the effects of induced hypertension. Oxford University Press (Oup)  Cardiovascular Research  vol. 12, (6) 364-372. 10.1093/cvr/12.6.364
Greenwald SE and Berry CL (1978). Static mechanical properties and chemical composition of the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats: a comparison with the effects of induced hypertension. Cardiovasc Res  vol. 12, (6) 364-372. 10.1093/cvr/12.6.364
Newman DL and Greenwald SE (1978). Validity of the Moens-Korteweg Equation. The Arterial System  Springer Nature  10.1007/978-3-642-67020-6_10

1976

BERRY CL and GREENWALD SE (1976). Effects of hypertension on the static mechanical properties and chemical composition of the rat aorta1. Oxford University Press (Oup)  Cardiovascular Research  vol. 10, (4) 437-451. 10.1093/cvr/10.4.437
Berry CL and Greenwald SE (1976). Effects of hypertension on the static mechanical properties and chemical composition of the rat aorta. Cardiovasc Res  vol. 10, (4) 437-451. 10.1093/cvr/10.4.437

1975

BERRY CL, GREENWALD SE and RIVETT JF (1975). Static mechanical properties of the developing and mature rat aorta1. Oxford University Press (Oup)  Cardiovascular Research  vol. 9, (5) 669-678. 10.1093/cvr/9.5.669
Berry CL, Greenwald SE and Rivett JF (1975). Static mechanical properties of the developing and mature rat aorta. Cardiovasc Res  vol. 9, (5) 669-678. 10.1093/cvr/9.5.669
BERRY CL, GOSLING RG and GREENWALD SE (1975). GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ARTERIES, ITS RELEVANCE FOR DEGENERATIVE DISEASE. Artery  vol. 1, (4) 365-365.

1974

Berry CL, Germain J, Newman DL and Greenwald SE (1974). Comparative morphological and functional aspects of the aorta of the major vertebrate classes. Sage Publications  Laboratory Animals  vol. 8, (3) 279-289. 10.1258/002367774780943643

1973

Berry CL and Greenwald S (1973). Changes in structure and mechanical properties of the rat aorta induced by a hypertensive period during development. The Journal of Pathology  vol. 110, (3)

Grants of specific relevance to Predictive in vitro Models

Grants of specific relevance to Predictive in vitro Models
Early stage CARdio Vascular Disease Detection with Integrated Silicon Photonics
Greenwald SE
EUR3,629,206 European Commission (01-02-2015 - 31-01-2019)
Summary
Acoustic Localisation of Coronary Artery Stenosis
Greenwald SE and Birch MJ
£368,862 Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (16-05-2010 - 16-11-2013)
Summary